What type of rock is formed from the cooling of magma?

The correct answer is igneous rock, which is formed from the cooling and solidification of magma or lava. When magma, which is molten rock located beneath the Earth's surface, cools and crystallizes, it forms igneous rock. This process can occur either beneath the Earth’s surface, where the cooling happens slowly (leading to the formation of intrusive igneous rocks), or on the surface after a volcanic eruption, where the cooling is rapid (leading to extrusive igneous rocks).

Understanding this formation process is essential in geology, as igneous rocks are one of the primary rock types, along with metamorphic and sedimentary rocks. These other types of rocks form through different processes: metamorphic rocks arise from the alteration of existing rocks due to heat and pressure, while sedimentary rocks are formed from the accumulation of sediments or organic material over time. The option of "carved rock" does not refer to a recognized geological classification, as rock types are categorized based on their formation processes rather than how they are manipulated or utilized.