What is the propulsion of water through a plant from roots to leaves called?

The propulsion of water through a plant from the roots to the leaves is called translocation. This process involves the movement of water, nutrients, and food substances within the plant. In particular, water is absorbed by the roots and then transported upward through specialized tissues known as xylem.

Translocation is essential for maintaining the plant's health and helping it to perform vital functions such as photosynthesis, respiration, and nutrient storage. Additionally, this upward movement of water helps to create a negative pressure, allowing for more efficient water absorption from the soil.

The other processes mentioned have distinct functions: evaporation refers to the process of water turning into vapor, capillary action describes the ability of water to flow in narrow spaces without external forces, and photosynthesis is the process by which plants convert sunlight into chemical energy. Each of these processes plays a role in plant function, but translocation specifically refers to the movement of water throughout the plant.