What is the process by which bacteria convert nitrates back into nitrogen gas?

The process by which bacteria convert nitrates back into nitrogen gas is known as denitrification. This is a crucial part of the nitrogen cycle, where denitrifying bacteria utilize nitrates as an electron acceptor during respiration. As they respire, they convert the nitrates (NO3-) into nitrogen gas (N2), which is then released back into the atmosphere. This process helps to regulate the availability of nitrogen in ecosystems and ensures that nitrogen is not excessively present in the soil, which could lead to negative environmental impacts such as nutrient runoff and water pollution. Denitrification plays a key role in maintaining the balance of nitrogen in the environment, making it essential for sustaining healthy ecosystems.